Unlike the Raspberry Pi or other small computers like NVIDIA these units run an operating system with other software and some like the pi3b or lower are very slow and almost not bearable. 

Arduino simply runs the code you upload to it. No frills, it simply does what it’s told.

The best part about developing in this environment is No Microsoft is required, yes they have their evil tentacles lurking but they can be completely eliminated if your of the mindset like us that nothing good comes from the spawn of Bill the pedophile gates.

https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products

https://learn.adafruit.com/category/learn-arduino

https://www.arduino.cc/reference/en

http://www.cplusplus.com/